Bhagavad Gita · 18.31 · Yoga through the Perfection of Renunciation and Surrender·31 of 78
यया धर्ममधर्मं च कार्यं चाकार्यमेव च।अयथावत्प्रजानाति बुद्धिः सा पार्थ राजसी ॥
yayā dharmam adharmaṁ cha kāryaṁ chākāryam eva
cha ayathāvat prajānāti buddhiḥ sā pārtha rājasī
Sanskrit recitation
Knowledge, work, and the worker · 18.29–18.40 · Teaching
Translation
That by which one wrongly understands dharma and adharma, and also what ought to be done and what ought not to be done—that intellect, O Arjuna, is rajasic (passionate).
Meaning
There is no proper eivalent in the English language for the word Dharma. Duty, righteousness, virtue, law are very poor translations of the word. That which elevates you and takes you to the goal, i.e., Brahman or the Self, is Dharma. That which hurls you down into the dark abyss of ignorance is Adharma. What is ordained in the scriptures is Dharma what is prohibited by them is Adharma. A Rajasic intellect is not able to distinguish between right and wrong or to understand the difference between righteous and unrighteous actions.Ayathavat Wrongly Contrary to what is determined by all authorities or men of wisdom or to the highest knowledge.
After Swami Sivananda
Knowledge, work, and the worker· 18.29–18.40→
Teachers usually read this idea across several verses together, one shared reflection covers the whole unit.
- 18.29Hear thou the threefold division of intellect and firmness, according to the Gunas, as I declare them fully and distinctly, O Arjuna.
- 18.30The intellect which knows the path of work and renunciation, what should be done and what should not be done, fear and fearlessness, bondage and liberation—that intellect is Sattvic (pure), O Arjuna.
18.31That by which one wrongly understands dharma and adharma, and also what ought to be done and what ought not to be done—that intellect, O Arjuna, is rajasic (passionate).
- 18.32That intellect, O Arjuna, which is enveloped in darkness and sees Adharma as Dharma and all things perverted, is Tamasic (dark).
- 18.33The unwavering firmness, through which Yoga restrains the functions of the mind, life-force, and senses—that firmness, O Arjuna, is Sattvic (pure).
- 18.34But that, O Arjuna, by which one holds fast to Dharma (duty), enjoyment of pleasures, and earning of wealth, on account of attachment and desire for reward—that firmness, O Arjuna, is Rajasic (passionate).
- 18.35That firmness, O Arjuna, by which a stupid man does not abandon sleep, fear, grief, despair, and conceit, is Tamasic.
- 18.36And now, O Arjuna, hear from Me of the threefold pleasure, in which one rejoices through practice and surely comes to the end of pain.
- 18.37That which is like poison at first but in the end like nectar—that happiness is declared to be sattvic, born of the purity of one's own mind due to self-realization.
- 18.38That happiness which arises from the contact of the senses with the objects, which is initially like nectar but eventually like poison, is said to be Rajasic.
- 18.39That happiness which at first, as well as in the end, deludes the self, and which arises from sleep, indolence, and heedlessness—that is declared to be Tamasic.
- 18.40There is no being on earth or in heaven among the gods that is liberated from the three qualities born of Nature.
Word-by-word→
- yayā
- by which
- dharmam
- righteousness
- adharmam
- unrighteousness
- cha
- and
- kāryam
- right conduct
- akāryam
- wrong conduct
- eva
- certainly
- ayathā-vat
- confused
- prajānāti
- distinguish
- buddhiḥ
- intellect
- sā
- that
- pārtha
- Arjun, the son of Pritha
- rājasī
- in the mode of passion
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